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It is also concerned with the ways in which students challenged the discourses of the New Order state by producing their own, alternative ways of thinking and speaking about their roles and identities.

These discourses aimed to regulate how students were able to act in their capacity as students. Through the application of critical discourse analysis to a number of key state and student texts, the study provides an insight into the linguistic techniques the New Order employed in producing particular ways of thinking and speaking (discourses) about students’ roles and identities. The study is grounded in theories about the relationship between language and power and in a method of textual analysis based on critical discourse analysis. It focuses on the period between 19 and on the period between 1989, when Indonesia entered a limited period of openness (keterbukaan), and the fall of Suharto in 1998. This thesis is a study of the politics of identity of Indonesian university students (mahasiswa) under Suharto’s New Order. The youth in this study use English more in writing than in spoken conversation, using it as a means of expressing a voice that is locally different and resonates with global popular culture but for the purpose of expressing very local and personal expressions. While BI is predominantly used in writing, the use of Javanese re-emerges in the least regulated and most informal domains of writing. Gaul Indonesian, a sub-dialect of BI, acts as an intermediate scale between local and global scales of language. The preliminary findings indicate that youth in Semarang use Javanese, BI and English under a norm of polylingualism, with Javanese and BI being the predominant bilingual medium in spoken conversation. Part of a larger dissertation research, the paper will investigate preliminary data on the code-switching and language mixing use of Javanese (a local language), Bahasa Indonesia or BI (the national language) and English by youth, both in conversations as well as in writing, in the city of Semarang in Central Java, Indonesia, a multilingual developing country of the global South. The youths' language use shows that the range of texts form a continuum, in which the more formal texts tend to highly regulated around Indonesian as the monolingual center whereas less formal texts are more open to the use of Javanese and English, including the playful combination and juxtaposition of languages that enable youth to recontextualize and even subvert the dominant indexical meanings associated with these languages. In analyzing these texts, the article will adopt a social practice approach to literacy and will also emphasize that there are orders to the indexical meanings of languages. This article will investigate how the way youth groups from two vocational high schools in Semarang, Central Java use Javanese, Indonesian and English across different genres of texts reflect the way they negotiate the push and pull of the various language ideologies associated with these languages. Youths' multilingual literacy practices constitute sites in which their language use can be pushed and pulled in different directions.

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